[Translate to jp:] Social Security System

[Translate to jp:] The German social security system can be divided into 5 parts:

• Pension insurance
• Unemployment insurance
• Health insurance
• Nursing care insurance
• Companies accident insurance

Employees with a German employment contract or working in Germany becomes, with some exceptions, liable to all of this parts of the social security system. Contributions to pension insurance, unemployment insurance, health insurance and care insurance are paid half by the employer and half by the employee, the companies accident insurance is paid only by the employer. For calculation of the monthly contribution to pension insurance, unemployment insurance, health insurance and care insurance special ceiling amounts apply. This means that contributions are only calculated up to a maximum amount, exceeding earnings will remain free of social security contribution.

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[Translate to jp:] Pension Insurance
The statutory pension insurance is the most important pillar of old-age provisions. Its financing is split: The monthly contributions paid by employees and employers pay the pensions of those currently in retirement. Through their contributions, those insured acquire some rights when they themselves become pensioners. In turn, coming generations provide for these future rents with their contributions (cross-generational contract). In addition, company and private pensions are the second and third pillars of provisions for old age. Under certain conditions these also enjoy government support.

Unemployment Insurance
Unemployment insurance is the branch of statutory social security that insures employees against the risk of unemployment. The primary purpose of unemployment insurance is the prevention of loss of employment, and only secondarily it includes protection against loss in the form of payments (unemployment benefit). It therefore provides not only insurance payments but also funding for job creation and protection and, in the context of employment promotion, funding for fostering vocational training, entry into active employment and occupational rehabilitation. The provision of unemployment assistance is not an unemployment insurance matter.
 
Health Insurance
Almost all citizens in Germany have health insurance, whether as a compulsory member of the statutory health insurance scheme (88 percent) or in a private health insurance scheme (almost 12 percent). The health insurance companies cover most of medical treatment, medication, hospitalization and preventive health care. Contributions to the health insurance scheme are made by employees and employers. Non-employed family members of those in a compulsory health insurance scheme do not pay any contributions.
 
Nursing Care Insurance
This insurance protects the covered person against the financial consequences of nursing care, and provides assistance and support services in this case. It is organised in more or less the same way as the health insurance. Half of the contribution rate is paid by the employer, half by the employee.
 
Companies Accident Insurance
Statutory accident insurance is a liability insurance on the part of employers in favour of employees who are thereby protected from the consequences of an accident at work or an occupational disease.